At this time, there's no conclusive evidence that these repeated brain injuries affect brain function. Researchers are studying the effects of repeated head injuries that don't cause symptoms, known as subconcussive injury. If these symptoms persist beyond three months, they're called persistent post-concussive symptoms. Longer lasting symptoms may include headaches, dizziness and trouble with thinking. A small number of people may have multiple symptoms that last longer than expected. Persistent post-concussive symptoms, also known as post-concussion syndrome.Some people experience a sense of spinning or dizziness for days or weeks after a brain injury. Some people experience concussion-related headaches for several days to weeks after a brain injury. Potential complications of concussion include: Having had a previous concussion also increases the risk of having another. Not using proper safety equipment and supervision when playing high-risk sports.High-risk sports such as American football, hockey, soccer, rugby, boxing or other contact sports.Activities that can lead to falls, especially in young children and older adults.Risk factorsĮvents and factors that may increase the risk of a concussion include: Anyone who experiences a brain injury needs to be monitored in the hours afterward and seek emergency care if symptoms worsen. Sometimes a mild traumatic brain injury can lead to bleeding in or around the brain, causing prolonged drowsiness, confusion and, sometimes, death. These movements injure the brain and affect brain function, usually for a brief period of time. This may happen during a car crash, a fall from a bike or from a collision with another player in sports. It also may be caused by the sudden acceleration or deceleration of the head. This forceful movement can be caused by a violent blow to the head and neck or upper body. These injuries can affect the brain in different ways and cause different types of concussions.ĭuring a concussion, the brain slides back and forth against the inner walls of the skull. It should always be supervised by a healthcare professional.Ĭommon injuries that cause concussions include falls or other direct hits to the head, car accidents, and blast injuries from explosions. Gradual return to learning and physical activity is individual and depends on the symptoms. Even if a concussion is suspected, experts recommend not returning to activities that can put the athlete at risk of another concussion. Experts recommend that adult, child and adolescent athletes with concussions not return to play on the same day as the injury. Never return to play or vigorous activity immediately following a concussion. It's especially important to seek emergency care if these symptoms appear in infants under 12 months of age. Large head bumps or bruises, such as bruises around the eyes or behind the ears.Dizziness that doesn't go away or that goes away and comes back. Changes in physical coordination, such as stumbling or clumsiness.Slurred speech or other changes in speech.For example, the person may not recognize people or places. Ringing in the ears that doesn't go away.For example, the black parts of the eye, known as the pupils, may be bigger than usual or unequal sizes. Fluid or blood draining from the nose or ears.A loss of consciousness lasting longer than 30 seconds.Seek emergency care for an adult or child who experiences a head injury and any of these symptoms: You or your child experiences a head injury, even if emergency care isn't required.Ĭhildren and adolescents need to see a healthcare professional trained in evaluating and managing pediatric concussions. See a healthcare professional within 1 to 2 days if: Irritability and other personality changes.Ĭoncussions can be hard to recognize in infants and toddlers because they can't describe how they feel.But sometimes symptoms may not occur for days after the injury, such as: Some symptoms of a concussion occur right away. Forgetfulness, such as asking the same question over and over.Temporary loss of consciousness, though this doesn't always occur.Physical symptoms of a concussion may include:Ī witness may observe these symptoms in the person with a concussion: The amnesia usually involves forgetting the event that caused the concussion. Symptoms can last for days, weeks or even longer.Ĭommon symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury are headache, confusion and loss of memory, known as amnesia. The symptoms of a concussion can be subtle and may not occur right away.
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